History through material culture.
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Colonial Powder Horn- Ft. William Henry, NY
This powder horn was designed by John Bush, a Black provincial soldier who almost survived the siege at Fort William Henry.

Osnaburg Fabric Apron- Charleston, SC
In 1735, South Carolina passed a Act outlawing enslaved Africans to wear any garment greater than the value of “negro cloth”.

Woodville Rosenwald School Desk- Gloucester County, VA
Despite the initial terms for funding a Rosenwald School, Gloucester’s African American community chose to raise the remaining the budget themselves and rather than accept contributions from the White school board.

No. 2 Construction Battalion Badge- Nova Scotia, Canada
This cap badge was an identifying symbol of the No. 2 Construction Battalion, a Canadian Expeditionary Force that served in World War I. It was the only Canadian battalion of black soldiers at the time.

19th Century Carving Fork- Nashville, TN
This carving fork was found at Andrew Jackson’s Hermitage Plantation. Two of the tines hold the meat in place, while the third “tine” is most likely a hand guard.

Blue Glass Bead-Fort Mose, FL (3D)
Archaeologists found this glass bead at Fort Mose in Florida. Fort Mose was the first free Black community in the territory that would become the United States of America.

Bone Needlecase- Burlington County, NJ (Video)
New Jersey archaeologists find a carved, bone needlecase that reflects African American craft and symbolism.

Carnelian Ring- Montpelier Plantation, VA (Video)
According to historical texts, Cambay crafted carnelian stone into beads, not rings. Further analysis could determine if the ring is an original import or reshaped from beads.

Pierced Coin- Poplar Forest, VA
Enslaved African-Americans at Poplar Forest used a pierced coin as a protective charm and teething device.

Grub Hoe- Prince George's County, MD
Grub hoes were most likely used to break the soil for tobacco plants, the primary cash crop for Maryland-based plantations.

Servant Bell System (3D)- Popular Forest Plantation, VA
Bell systems function via a system of wires strung throughout the building.